Long and Lean, Chile is Red Hot

Chilean wine should have likely come before Argentina.  After all, Argentina basically looked at what Chile has done, and mimicked their marketing plan.  I suspect other South American countries will do the same in the near future.  I also remember discovering Chilean wine 18 years ago, prior to me being able to spell the word W-I-N-E.  I happened upon a bottle of Cabernet Sauvignon with a plastic black cat hanging from the cork.  It was about 6 bucks.  I am sure in my wine snobby state today, I would not have thought it was fantastic, but at the time, I marveled at the fact that one could find a perfectly drinkable red wine for under 7 dollars.  One thing that has not changed since back then, is there is some good wine to be had in Chile, and in general, at bargain prices.  The land is cheap, the labor is cheap, the climate is good, the soil is interesting, and there are vines that have been planted on their own roots with NO Phylloxera, making for wine that is the TRUE expression of the grape.  This is why many, including the top winemakers from France, Italy and other parts of the world are starting to invest.  This is a part of the wine making world that is up and coming, and I for one feel is just starting to figure out what the land is capable of producing.  It will be a wild ride, you may need to kiss some frogs along the way, but you will undoubtedly get to drink some spectacular wines at a very reasonable price relative to their French, American, Spanish, or Italian cousins.

Chile is a long and narrow country to the West of Argentina.  It is nearly 3000 miles from top to bottom, and only 100 miles and some change wide.  Chile can be broken into 4 major regions.  In the North is Coquimbo, and then heading south from Coquimbo you will enter Aconagua, the Central Valley and finally the South Region.  Not pictured here because they are relatively new you will also find Austral and Atacama.  In addition, since 2012 wines may also be characterized by their location.  One may label wines Costal (Near the Ocean), Entre Cordilleras (Between the Mountains), or Andes (On the Mountain).  As a result, labels can get confusing.  Since the country is nearly 3000 miles long, there is a vast change in temperature from top to bottom.  Wine is only grown in the middle third of the country as a result.  The south is too cold, and the north gets too hot.

The first vines in Chile were brought by the conquistadors in the 16th century, but it was not until

the 1980s until they began shipping wine to the international market.  In the last 30 years, Chile has gone from no exports to being the 5th largest exporting country for wine in the world.  They are also 9th in production of wine world wide.

Chile's climate is influenced by three major factors.  First the cold water from the arctic circle come up to Chile's West coast.  In doing so, they produce a cooling fog.  However, the cooling effect of the ocean is also shielded by the second most important contributor to Chile's climate, and that is the coastal mountains which blocks much of the sea air from traveling inland.  Except that it is able to travel up the rivers and tributaries that transverse the mountains.  There is very little rain, making Chile one of the driest countries on earth.  Fortunately the Andes mountain range gets sufficient snow to both cool the grapes at night, as well as to irrigate the vines.

Because of the dry, dessert growing conditions, the mountains, and the terrain, Chile benefits from a few advantages when it comes to growing grapes.  

1.  Little to now fungal disease (No spraying expensive anti-fungal products)

2.  Diurnal temperature variations (Warm days with cold nights in the desert)

3.  No Phylloxera (Due to the sandy soils, seclusion, and height of the vineyards)

4.  Sun, and lots of it

5.  Water from the Andes for irrigation

6.  And because of all of this, it is easy to farm organically

They grow lots of grapes in Chile.  Sauvignon Vert, Gris, and Savignonasse along with Pais (Brought by the missions) are still planted.  Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Riesling, Viognier, Tortotel, Pedro Ximenez, Gewurztraminer, and Muscat are grown.  Carmenere is a rock star, and perhaps the most promising grape grown.  Finally Merlot, Zin, Petite Sirah, Cab Franc, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Sangiovese, Barbera, Malbec and Carignan are all grown.  This is a staggering number of grape varieties and the diversity of Terroir and weather support them all.

You could imagine that while growing all of those grape types that you might tend to get a bit confused.  Chile did get a bit confused.  They have grown grapes and called them by the wrong name historically.  Merlot from Chile was sometimes Carmenere, and Sauvignon Blanc was often Sauvignon Vert or Sauvignonasse.  Much of this has been fixed, but if you find an older bottle and think, hmmm, this is not Merlot, you might be right.

The wine laws are relatively new and went into effect in 1995.  Wines must have at least 75% of a grape variety to call it a varietal wine.  It must also have 75% of the grapes from the vintage listed on the label.  Wines must have 75% of the grapes from a given region to list that region as well.  So if on a test you are thinking Chile, think 75% and you will usually be right.  The only exception is if the label lists Costal, Entre or Mountain then 85% of the grapes must come from that geography.  Also to be reserva it must have 12 percent Abv, Grand Reserva must have 12.5% Abv and all must spend time in oak.  

Atacama is the Northernmost region and the warmest wine growing region in Chile.  There are two sub-regions called Copiapo Valley and the Huasco Valley.  Due to the heat, most of the production in the area is for Pisco.

Coquimbo has 3 sub regions called the Elqui Valley, Limari Valley and the Choapa Valley.  Pisco is also grown here along with simple table wines.  Pisco is a liquor that is originally from Peru, but also made in a slightly different way in Chile.  In Chile it is made from Muscat, Torontel and Pedro Jimenez grapes.  A different mix is used in Peru.

The first place that makes serious wines in Chile is the Aconcagua valley which takes its name fromt he river by the same name that runs through the region.  It is warm, sunny and dry.  Like in the rest of Chile, red grapes rule the day in the Aconcagua.  Most planted are both Merlot and Cabernet.  Much of the valley is too hot for serious grpe-growing, however Panquehue has a more moderate climate.  Perhaps the most accomplished estates in the area is Errazuriz producer of Sena, a Bordeaux blend that placed quite high in the 2004 tasting.  They also make some amazing Carmenere wines called Max and Kai that we tasted in class.  Kai in particular is a silky, sexy big red wine.

San Antonio and Casablanca are two other sub-regions of the Aconcagua.  Casablanca wine makers are producers of Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay.  San Antonio is also a predominately white wine producing region with Pinot Noir showing some promise as well.  The cool weather in these regions are in contrast to the rest of the  interior valley and are one of the few Chilean DOs focused on white wines.

The Central Valley is the oldest producer of wine in Chile.  Sub regions include the Maipo Valley (Most Famous) which is known for Cabernet Sauvignon.  It is also located in close proximity to Santiago making it a perfect place for foreign winemakers to travel in and start a winery.  Errazuriz and Concha y Toro's have a presence here.

Other sub-regions include the Rapel Valley which contains Cachapoal and Colchagua and also produces Cab Sauv as the leading grape.  However, Carmenere is growing rapidly in its acrage as well as its importance.  Lapostolles "Clos Apalta, Vina Montes "Alpah M are tow iconic wines from the region.  Vina Montes also produces Purple Angel which is a spectacular wine made from Carmenere.

Maule and Curico are the rest of the Subs in the region of the Central valley.  Maule is one of the largest regions in Chile.  Quality here is questionable but the acreage is huge.  Much of the valley produces wines to be enjoyed locally.

Curico has two sub-regions called Lontue and Teno.  Here again Cab Sauv dominates but many others are grown in the region as well.

The Southern Region is the Southern Most region in Chile (Duh) and contains 3 valleys including the Itata, Bio Bio and the Malleco.  Much of the region is sparsely planted and contains Pais and Muscat de Alexandria.  Malleco also has Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.

Chile is evolving slowly, but one would think that it will beging to change more quickly.  Why?   There is a list of the A list wine barons that have invested heavily.  Robert Mondovi, Miguel Torres (Spanish Winemaker) Chateau Lafite Rothchild (With Los Vascos) and Chateau Mouton Rothschild along with others, all have collaborations and investments in Chile.  This allows for great wines, produced by great houses, to be had at reasonable costs.  Get excited about Chile.  I am.

Argentina

Argentina; Not just for Gaucho's Anymore

When I think about Argentina, I generally think about steak.  There is more to Argentina than Medium Rare, well aged beef.  Be back in a moment, just drooled on my shirt.  Talk amongst yourselves.

Ok, I am back.  So as I was saying, the steak is great don't get me wrong, but where there is great food, there is usually really good wine.  Argentina is no exception.   Too hot you might think, but what you will find is that while hot in the valley, most of Argentina's wineries are on mountains.  Also, the further south you travel (Remember Southern Hemisphere) the cooler the climate becomes.  Patagonia can be outright cold with snow and everything.  Back to the vines on the mountains, their lofty perches allow the grapes to overlook the parts of the country that are hot and dry, , but they also temper the climate quite nicely allowing for the perfect growing conditions for many types of wine.

In addition to the high altitudes, Argentina has a few other variables that lend to its happy grapes.  Most of the vineyards are planted in the Andes Mountains on the West coast of the country.  These are remote vineyards that allow the grapes to be grown far from big cities.  This allows for pristine, pure spots with little pollution to disturb the country's happy vines.  Additionally, due to sandy, high altitude soils, many of the vines are on their own rootstock.  There is SOME Phylloxera in Argentina, but in most of the vineyards, it is not an issue do to both the altitude and the soil composition.  Finally, a rain shadow as well as high winds called Zonda.  Both of these factors allow for a appropriate struggling of the grapes.   Finally, a water supply that can be controlled through irrigation from the snowy mountains mitigates the risk of having too little water.  It is no wonder then that Argentina is a growing, developing, and improving wine region.  Already, they are the 5th largest producer of wine in the world.

Wine was brought to the region by the Spanish conquistadors in the 1500s.  In addition to needing grapes for the church, the conquistadors also wanted the wine because... they liked drinking it.  The first grapes planted were Criolla aka Pais or the Mission Grape.  This was the wine produced in large part by missionary types for the church.  In the 1800s there was an expansion and with it came more vineyards and more grape varieties.  There is a huge domestic market, as Argintinians drink a lot of wine, so exportation came later.

A couple of rules.  If you see a wine that is listed as a varietal wine on the label, it must contain 80% or more of that grape.  For a region to be listed on the label, 85% of the grapes must have come from that region.  Reserva wines have been aged at least 6 months for white and 1 year for reds.  Gran Reserva wines must be aged one year for whites, and at least 2 years for reds.  They also limit yields in the vineyards as part of this designation.  The reserve option has only be available since 2008.

Malbec, Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot and Tempranillo are the most important red grapes, while Pedro Ximenez (Not of Sherry Fame) is the most widely planted white grape.  Looking to the future, Malbec will be the red that will drive the success of the wine industry in Argentina, as well as a white grape called Torrontes.  Torrontes, a cross between Muscat of Alexandria and Criolla Chica. is a white grape that makes some powerful white wines.  There are three varieties and the most important is Torrontes Riojano.  They are extremely fragrant and often have a fruity front end with a great back end acidity.

In the domestic market, pink-skinned varieties including Cereza, Criolla Chica and Criola Grande make up 30 percent of the total vineyard space.

Malbec (Also called Cot in France) makes a dark in color, powerful red wine that is currently the most important grape in Argentina.  For quality wine, there is more Malbec planted in Argentina than any other grape.  

Bonarda, also called Charbono in the US is the second most planted grape after Malbec.  This is a great fruity wine that gives a balanced, peppery finish.  When fully ripe, these wines can be dynamic and interesting at quite a value.

Back to the map above if you are a visual learner.  There are 3 main regions for wine production in Argentina.  They are from North to South as follows:

1.  Northwestern

2.  Cuyo

3.  Patagonia

More than 3/4 of the total wine production happens in Cuyo.  Within its borders are La Rioja, San Juan and Mendoza.  La Rioja is the northern most of the 3 provences.  Torontes is the most cultivated grape followed by Malbec.  While a lot of wine is produced in La Rioja, it is dwarfed by its two sisters to the south (Mendoza and San Juan).  La Rioja was one of the first areas to be planted in the country.  More grapes would likely be grown here, but a lack of water has slowed growth.

San Juan is known for its HOT climate which lends itself well to the production of Brandy and Vermouth.  It is the second most productive region in Argentina.  Most of the region produces pink-skinned grapes although Barbera and Syrah are slowly becoming a thing in the region.  

Mendoza like Denver is a city that is a mile above sea level.  Located in the shadow of Mount Aconcagua many vineyards are well over 2000 feet above sea level.  Low rainfall is found here but the snow capped mountains allow the plants enough water.  Also the sandy soil allow for good drainage and a lack of Phylloxera.  Mendoza is divided into 4 regions, the North, South and Easter sectors as well as the most prised sector called the Uco Valley.  Vineyards in the Uco are the highest vineyards in the world allowing the fruit to hang longer and develop wonderful balanced flavors.

Red grapes account for over half of the grapes planted in Mendoza with Malbec leading production.  Maipu, and Lujan de Cuyo produce amongst the best Malbec wines in all of Mendoza.  Cabernet is quickly catching up with Melbec in Mendoza as an important grape.  Also grown are Chardonnay and Semillon as well as Chennin.  Pink skinned grapes are also grown still accounting for a quarter of all grapes grown.

The northern most wine region in Argentina is called Northwestern.  Catamarca, Jujuy and Salta are located near the equator in some of the highest vineyards on the planet.  Many of the grapes have a view from almost 5000 feet above sea level.  Catamarca is the most widly planted of the three regions while Salta and even more so Cafayate within Salta have a reputation worldwide for attaining great quality.  Grapes that have gained the world market's attention include Torrontes Riojano as well as Cabernet Sauvignon and Tannat.  Vineyards in Salta can be as many as 10,000 feet high.  Because of the elevation and soils, Salta produces wines that retain high acidity and attain great balance.

Catamarca has less prestige than Salta but has more area under vine.  Torrontes, Syrah and Malbec lead their production with Cabernet Sauvignon starting to gain some traction.

The furthest south growing region of Argentina is Patagonia.  Patagonia is known for cool climate.  White grapes such as Torrontes and Semillon do well here while red grapes like Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir are showing great promise as well.  Bodegas Chacra, spearheaded by the family that produces Sassicaia is among the top producers in the region.

Finally Rio Negro is much cooler than Mendoza.  It produces grapes at lower altitude as well with many of the vineyards being planted at 1000 ft above sea level.  Chalky soils produce good drainage, and most of the grapes are white.  Top planted varieties include Torrontes, Sauv Blanc, and Chardonnay.  Red grapes are almost all Pinot Noir, and some sparkling wines are made in the region as well.

The Emerald City

When I think of Washington state, I think of Seattle, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Pike's Market, and Starbucks.  The grunge scene started there, there are great restaurants, My friend Jim lives there and I don't get to see him enough.  Eventually my thoughts drift to wine.  Washington state is afterall the second leading producer of wine in the United States.  Yes, I just said that, they are second.  Surprised me when I heard that too.  Washington has 31K acres of vineyards and the state boasts over 500 wineries. 

Despite Seattle's reputation for high levels of rainfall, once you go East of the Cascade mountain range, you experience a rain shadow.  For those of you who read my Alsace post, this is the same concept.  The mountains take the rainfall, leaving little to none for the area to their East.  Thus, most of Washington wines grow in a desert.  This Desert leaves a very dry climate, and thus, like in any desert, Washington experiences Hot days and cool nights producing good stress on the grape vines.  Second Phyloxera has never found its way to this desert, and thus, the vines of Washington exhibit the purest expression of the grapes planted.  Merlot tastes a bit more Merlot like, because not only is it Merlot, but it is still Merlot planted on Merlot roots.  There has NEVER been a need for grafted Vinifera in Washington.  This allows the purest expression of all of the varietals planted in the state.

Because of the diurnal shifts (Warm days and cool nights) fruit in Washington is able to predictably achieve ripeness.  The cool nights also allow for the fruit to maintain its crisp acidity.  This allows for a great combination of well concentrated ripe fruit, and acid that allows the wines of Washington to be paired easily with most foods.

In 1987 Washington created the Washington wine commission, and 12 years later in 1999 the Washington Wine Quality Alliance was formed to increase the consistency and standards for labeling and in wine making itself.  Later in 2003, the Washington Wine Institute developed a 2 and 4 year educational program to give necessary training to the people of the state, to ensure a well educated workforce for the rapidly growing industry.

Washington is broken into 13 distinct AVAs with all but one coming to the East of the Cascade mountain range.  The Puget Sound AVA is near Seattle, West of the mountains and thus sees an average rainfall of 50 inches of rain a year.  East of the mountains they are lucky to see 8 inches.

We will start our tour East of the mountains in the Columbia Valley.  Established in 1984, this is the largest AVA covering 11M acres and representing 30 percent of Washington's total land.  The Columbia Valley holds 99 percent of the wine grapes grown in WA.  Within the Columbia Valley AVAs of Red Mountain, Yakima, Walla Walla, Wahluke Slope, Rattlesnake Hills, Horse Heaven Hills, Snipes Mountain, and Lake Chelan all exist.  The main grapes of the region are Riesling, Merlot, Chardonnay, and Cabernet.

The Columbia Gorge, not to be confused with the Columbia Valley, extends into Oregon.  This AVA hugs the white Salmon river and extends up to the Columbia Valley Appellation.  Columbia gorge has 500 planted acres of vines and top growers in the region include many that you see in Alsace.  Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay, Riesling and Pinot Gris in the cooler parts of the region, and high quality Red Wines in the warmer regions.  The Columbia Gorge is a small area with many changes in Terroir.  Changes in climate, soil, geology, and topography cause many micro climates that allow for tremendous grape diversity.  Growers in the region produce everything from light whites to Zinfandel.  The further east one travels, the less rainfall and the more sunshine.  Western vineyards have a cool marine climate ideal for growing pinot noir, gewurz, Pinot Gris, and Riesling.  Eastern vineyards have a desert climate where Bordeaux, Rhone, and Italian varietals rule.  Soils change just as rapidly from red volcanic to mud to basalt, and finally the altitudes of the vineyards vary vastly as well going as high as 2000 feet above sea level.

Yakima Valley was established in 1983 and is Washington's OLDEST wine region.  (AMAZING)  It includes 16K acres of grapes and accounts for a third of the grapes grown in the state.  Yakima valley is most known for Cabernet, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling and Syrah.  Silt-loam soils are the major soil type allowing for great drainage, and the growing season is long with many days of sunshine and only 8 inches of rain yearly.

Walla Walla Valley was established in 1984 but grape growing has occurred there since the 1850s lead largely by Italian Immigrants.  Cabernet Sauvignon is the leading varietal, but there is plenty of Merlot, Chardonnay and Syrah as well.  Gewurz, Cab Franc, Sangiovese, Grenache, Malbec, Petit Verdot, Tempranillo, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Sauv Blanc, Semillion, and Viognier are grown too.  Basically if you can turn it into wine, it is being grown in Walla Walla.Rainfall is low but greater than Yakama at 12 inches.  The soil is largely Loess and still drains well.

Horse Heaven Hills gets a lot of street cred for making incredible wines.This area is known for steep South facing slopes that allow for high quality wines.  Established in 2005, HHH as it is frequently called is bordered on the North by the Yakima Valley and on the south by the Columbia River.  It is located in Southeast Washington and has 570K Acres but only 10K planted acres (25% of Washington's Production)  Grape varieties are all over the board with 37 distinct grape types planted.  Most popular are Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chard, Riesling and Syrah.  The wind is heavy, the sunshine is plentiful, and temperatures are kept moderate due to the river as well as the winds.  Most famous in the area is the Champoux vineyards but also present are Alder Ridge, Andrews-Horse Heaven Vineyard, Canoe Ridge and the Wallula Gap Vineyards.  Also of note that the first 3 100 point wines from Washington all came from this region.  

The Wahluke Slope is the driest part of the wine growing regions in the state.  The warm dry climate allows for Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet, Riesling, Chardonnay, and Chennin Blanc to grow.  Irrigation is necessary to ensure vine growth.

Rattlesnake Hills is known for high altitude vineyards.  Established in 2006, it is located four miles South and East of the Yakima.  1566 acres are planted.  The top wines producse are Cab Sauf, Malbec, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay and Riesling.  Vineyards can be planted at over 3000 feet above sea level in RSH.  Cold is a concern here in the winter and thus vineyards are typically located on terraces with good air movement to avoid frost kill.

Red Mountain has huge diurnal shifts from 90 degrees by day to 50 degrees at night.  Established in 2001 it is located just East of the Yakima Valley.  Despite the name, it is really not a mountain at all.  It is similar to a Cote in France.  A steep slope that allows for good sun exposure.  Gapes grown here include Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cab Franc, Syrah, Sangiovese, Malbec and Petit Verdot.

Puget sound is beautiful.  Some of my greatest memories of Seattle include sitting at a fish house on the Puget sound, watching the sunset.  It is quite beautiful.  As an AVA, the Puget sound was established in 1995.  The temperate climate does not allow the winter temps seen elsewhere in the region.  It is warm and dry in the summer.  Vines here reach their roots way down into the soil to allow them to survive the dry hot summers.  There is a lot of rain, up to 30 inches, but almost all of it falls in the dormant months.  Thus, by the end of the summer, it is often that plants are facing a water deficit.  This region is known for a grape called Madeleine Angevine which is a type of Riesling.Siegerebbe, and Muller Thurgau.  Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir are also starting to show promise.

Lake Chelan is one of Washingtons most sought after summer vacation spots.  It is also the 11th AVA to be recognized in the state.  It sits in the Columbia Valley AVA but it has a higher elevation and more temperate climate than most of the AVAs to the south.  The soil holds a lot of the interest in the area.  Ice age glaciers brought rocks, sand, quartz and Mica giving the wines interesting texture and great minerality.  The weather is temperate due to the lake thus reducing the risk of frost.  Top grapes grown include Syrah, Merlot, Malbec, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Gewuztraminer, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir.

In 2009 Snipes Mountain became the newest AVA in Washington.  Rocky soils, high elevations, and temperate climates lend this area to great grape growing..  It is the second smallest winer growing region in WA, however over 30 grape varieties can be found in the region.  It lies in the middel of the Yakima Valley but is unique due to the soils and elevated topography.

That is pretty much a whirlwind of Washington.  More to come in coming weeks, but hope you enjoyed.

CALIFORNIA WINE, AN UNDERDOG STORY

To understand why I call California wine an underdog, one needs to understand the history of the area.  The arrival of vitis vinifera, lead to excitement for California as a wine region, but as in any great underdog story, disaster followed.  Disaster in this case came in three flavors.  First, in the late 19th century, Phylloxera reared its ugly head, just like it did in Europe before.  It was devastating to the early vineyards, however.  in the case of California they were able to recover quickly.  , The European disaster suffered at the hands of Phylloxera had already occurred and the solution was well known.  Quickly, the vineyards were replace with grafted vines on native rootstock which were known to be resistant to the killer louse.  By the turn of the 20th century, there were over 300 distinct grape varieties being grown in California.  In this case, the destruction of the vineyards lead to diversification of the product offerings.

The next major event in the history of California was one that was a bit longer lived.    In 1920, prohibition hit the winemakers of California hard.  Vineyards, which were just beginning to be established were ordered to be ripped from the earth and cellars were destroyed, the contents spilled on the ground.  ( I am back.  Just needed some time to cry)  Some vineyards and wineries survived this however.  How?  They turned to God...  You see, while wine was the devils' work, if you made your wine for the church, and the wine was blessed and used for sacramental purposes, it was allowed and given an exception to the prohibition laws.  In 1933, when prohibition was repealed, there were only 140 wineries still in operation.  (Bottom lip is going again... I am OK)

The third was the great depression which lasted through much of the 1930s and made income that was disposable very hard to come by.  As you are trying to build a new industry, and the established industries around you are failing, it is not what you might call good for business.

Nevertheless, recovery did come.  It came on the backs of a group of pioneers.  People like Robert Mondavi, Joe Heitz of Heitz cellars (Illinois native in the house), and David Bruce winery, who all formed new wineries in Napa post prohibition.

Prior to the 20th century, some of the oldest wineries in California were established.  Buena Vista Winery was the first, to be bonded, then Charles Krug winery, Inglenook Winery, and Schramsberg vineyards, and Beaulieu vineyards started by a gentleman named Georges de Latour.  Latour did two smart things.  First, he hired a real winemaker by the name of Andre Tchelistcheff who had studied in Bordeaux.  This proved a great discision both for his wine, as well as for Napa Valley.  Tchelistcheff  not only made Beaulieu into a serious wine, he also helped and mentored people like Joe Heitz, Robert Mondavi, and Mike Grgich who at the time was at Chateau Montelena.  We will talk more about him when we discuss the Judgement of Paris.  These people and wineries in many ways were the pioneers of good wine in California.

Prior to these guys coming on the scene, California was content producing sweet wines from Carignan and Thompson Seedless grapes.  That is why the above deserve acclaim.  Not because they brought the idea of California as a wine region, but that they had a dream that California could compete on the national stage.  They wanted to produce wines as good as were produced in France, and they set out to do just that.

French Wine Snob

In 1976, a blind tasting was being held in Paris France.  At that time, a British wine merchant named Steven Spurrier invited several US wine makers to participate in the tasting event. and the French thought, "Hee, Hee, Hee, zee Californians sink they can make wine like Uz... Ptewy."  Little did they know, and little did Spurrier know, that The US wines would sweep both the white and the red category.  The Chardonnay that won was Chateau Montelena.  Oddly, in addition to their wine, California wines took 3 of the the top 4 spots in the white wine category.  Also notable were Chalone and Spring Mountain vineyards rating 3 and 4 respectively.

The Reds also were topped by an American wine.  Stags Leap Cabernet took the honors there.  Ridge Cellars also took number 5 in that competition.  So it was a fluke right?  I mean, it had to be a fluke... NOPE!  You guys have your french fries, and your french toast, and your fancy hats, but our wines are the real deal.  We are here to stay.  Whats that, you want a repeat?  Fine...

20 months later, the experiment was repeated in San Francisco, and guess what?  USA, USA, USA, and again in 1986, and finally, a reunion tasting for the 30th anniversary, again organized by Spurrier, and what do you think happened?  USA won again.  What was interesting here is that I hear people saying California wines won't age.  In 2006, the same wines from the same vintages were tasted as in the first Judgement, and not only did the US take the first spot, but it took the first through the fifth spots.  (And the crowd goes wild!!!!)  So to the French wine snob, what say you?  I say, wines are good from lots of places, and there is no longer a one size fits all approach to wine making.  After all, that is the edge that California has.  More on that later.

California wine sales have continued to climb and the prices have gone up with them.  The largest sellers from California have historically been Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon, but that has been changing of late.  Pinot Noir on the coast has grown, along with Rhone and Italian varietals (Lead by the Rhone Rangers and the CalItals).  California also makes dessert wines, Sparkling wines, sweet wines, rose and any other type of wine you can think of.  Why?  because they can...

Like in Europe, California and the rest of the US for that matter, as an Appellation of origin system.  Called the American Viticultural Areas (AVAs). 

Unlike Europe, these are geographic markers of where the wine has come from, but there are not the same rules about what can be grown, the crop yields, etc.  We as Americans don't want anyone telling us what to do, what to grow, what to produce... Not even us.

As a result, we have a vast number of grape varieties, growing methods, tons per acre, etc.  There are no rules governing the production in many ways.  However, wines that denote a state or a county must have 75% of the grapes come from that area.  If on the bottle it mentions an AVA, then 85% must come from that location.  

Currently over 90 percent of the wine made in the US is made in California.  California currently grows over 100 varieties of grapes.  That said, 6 varietals make up the vast majority of production, Pinot Noir, Sauv blanc, merlot and Zin, and as mentioned before the king and queen, Chardonnay and Cab Sauv.

The lack of regulation seen in Europe has aloud California to blossom in a way that their European counterparts cannot.  Winemakers can be innovative, and are often of the mind that breaking rules in wine making and taking risk pushes the art forward.  The other side of that coin is that we in the US, and California in particular are still trying to figure out what is best for our wine.  Years of practice, and regulation has lead to Bordeaux for instance producing wines that are unique and unmistakably Bordeaux.  California is a mixed bag.  Big, excessive over done, high alcohol wines, and a group that is trying to allow the unique terroir of California produce what the land wants to produce.  

On a recent trip to Sta. Rita Hills, I was talking to a winemaker by the name of James Sparks.  James is the head wine guy at Liquid Farm winery.  They make amazing Chardonnay.  Not the excessive oak laden creamed corn stuff of California fame, but rather wines with a tension.  They are high in acidity, light in the mouth, and would pair well with most foods.  They have memorable long finishes, and I really cannot say enough about them  It would be wasted breath anyway.  You really need to try them. 

In talking to James, I asked him if he puts his wine through ML fermentation.  His response to me is that he does not add yeast, he does not add ML bacteria.  He is the guide, but he pretty much lets the wine do what it wants to do.  

That is the direction that California needs to head.  It is the direction that many of the young winemakers are heading, and it is an exciting time to watch the growth that will be coming as we understand what is possible in the vineyards, but also in the winery.  California has a sense of place in all that it does.  It is moving towards place in its wines as well.  I for one find that to be exciting.  It will be a time of discovery for the wine makers, as well as for the American Palate moving forward.  Hang on, it might be a bumpy ride.

The thing I want to close on here is that California, like so much of American culture, IS the underdog that got knocked down, got up, dusted itself off, and won.  What will be fun moving forward is to see how the wines of California continue to get better as other places continue to up their game.  How California adjusts to climate change, new challenges, a water shortage, and so many other issues that they face moving forward.  If the history is any indication of what the future will bring, California will lead the way in wine for years to come.

Back in Class

So the summer is over.  I know this to be true for two reasons.  First, we are starting to get that cold air blowing in at night in Chicago, that shows that the seasons, they are a changing.  It comes on suddenly.  One week it is warm and humid by day and by night.  It is hard to sit outside as it feels as though you are sitting in a bowl of soupy air.  The next, the wind shifts and suddenly, it is cool, crisp, and a great time to sit outside in the evenings, in front of a fire pit.  We chose to grab Grams and marshmallows and make smores last night.

The second, well, school started for my kids, but also for me.  This time there are two other students in my class, and I am the only one who has completed a semester.  Last time I started, I had butterflies, this time, I am the BMOC (Big Man On Campus).  Or am I?  One of the newbies is a server in a restaurant.  He knows food and wine, and works around it day in and day out.  The other, like me is a marketer.  I sensed what he was feeling.  OVERWHELMED.  I told him that the first four or five weeks is like a whirlwind, but that things will slow down for him as the class goes on.  He seemed relived.

Today's topic, wine tasting.  Weird.  I have kind of been doing that since the beginning have I not?  It became apparent to me why it is suggested that one take new world wines first, and old world second.  It has nothing to do with the regions per se, but rather, it has to do with the up front tasting, and service related topics that one can learn prior to actually having to taste wine, which will help them to Ahem...TASTE WINE.

Today, we tasted two whites and two reds from California.  The whites were both lackluster at best, and the reds were quite good.  We followed the tasting methodology established by the Guild of Master Sommeliers.  First, you look at the wine, next you smell the wine, and finally you taste.  Along the way it is important to notice things like color, clarity, brightness and viscosity.  Next as you smell, you look for faults (Too much sulfer, overly reductive, cork taint.  Next you smell for fruit, non-fruit, and other tell tale signs of the wine.  Next you taste.  Here you are looking to confirm what you have discovered on the nose, and then to determine if you might have missed anything.  You are also determining the body of the wine, the acidity of the wine, and finally the tannins (astringent compounds that make your teeth feel funny in red wines), or phenolics in whites which are bitter.

I have done this hundreds of times.  If you don't believe me, friend me on twitter (JKAPPY) or find me on Vivino.  You can read all 500+ wines that I have prepared tasting notes on.  So I sat and thought about why we should care.  It really comes down to two reasons.  First, people need to communicate with customers (Or in my case friends) about the wines we drink, and why they should enjoy them too.  With an Albarino, you will taste stone fruit and a salinity that will pair well with the seafood you are eating..., or it is light and similar to a Sauvignon Blanc, but I think you would enjoy it more... or if you only like big reds, this one will be amazing and it is not a Cabernet, so you will be tasting something different, and still be able to enjoy your "Big Red".  None of this would be possible without establishing both a vocabulary for wine, as well as systematic way of assessing it.

The second is a parlor trick of sorts.  By systematically assessing wine, a Sommelier can taste blind and do a better job than the average person at guessing the type of grape, the region and the age of that wine.  Why is this important?  Because, as an expert, it is important that a sommelier can start to understand what is possible with place, and with grapes and to categorize things that they have tasted so that they have a catalog with which to compare wines within a category.  Oh and also, you can't get certified as a Somm unless you gain some level of proficiency at tasting blind.

In making wine so important, and elevating its status, I worry that often times we turn off people who might otherwise be interested.  Might otherwise want to be a part of the party.  So how do we find that balance?  Be able to converse, and teach, and peak interest, and not scare our guests and friends away?  How do we tell people what they should taste, without making them feel bad that they in fact can't taste it?  

Illustrative Story:  A friend walks in and I mention to them that they are going to taste a mineral driven Sauvignon Blanc by Massican (One of my favorites).  They ask, what does mineral driven mean?  My response, it tastes like licking a rock.  They might look an awful lot like the guy on the left.  How many of us have licked a rock?  I hadn't until I started this crazy Somm program and now I have licked many. (Indecently all rocks taste the same)  I have also licked seashells, and many other things to see what they taste like, but most of my friends have not.  As a result, they say, I don't taste it and get discouraged.  Have I taken some of the enjoyment out of their experience?  Do they care that it is mineral driven.  If they put too much pressure on themselves to taste those things, what does that do to the rest of the flavors.  Worse yet, has my mere suggestion of what they are to taste changed their perception of what the wine is "Supposed to taste like"?  Hmmm.

So what should matter?  For me, the tasting notes are a catalog that we should be using as internal speak to simply compare between wines.  We also may use them to communicate or teach.  For the average wine drinker however, they can be overwhelming, and suggestive.  For the average drinker, what matters at the end of the day, is what types of wines they like, how adventurous they are, and what they are planning to eat.  Our hope is to have the catalog that lets us say, "if you like that, you will likely enjoy this too because...  Or, if you are interested, I have something that tastes totally different, and might be something for you to try...Or, with that dish, I really like that this wine balances or contrasts with this food because...  I am not sure at the end of the day that the technical speak is needed.  I think one of the goals of a good Somm should be to make wine approachable, and so frequently, we do not.  It doesn't elevate an educator to make their students feel stupid, and we risk doing exactly that if we are not careful.  I know when I first started in the program, I went home often feeling like I was missing something, and today I saw that in one of my peers in the program.

My goal will be to make people feel comfortable, make them excited, geek out when they want to do so, but stay grounded when they don't.  After all, what matters at the end of the day is one thing.  It is not if there are apple flavors, or if there are pyrazines in the wine.  What matters is that our guests are in a safe learning environment, that they feel safe asking questions, that they understand at the end of the day, that the only thing that matters, is if they like what they are drinking.  It really is that simple.

How did I get Here?

Grape Vines Grown in my Front Yard

How Did I Get Here?

I enrolled in the second semester of Sommelier Certification at Harper College yesterday, and I must admit, I took a brief pause.  What am I doing?  Why am I doing this?  Who or what am I doing this for?  How and why are there grapes growing in my front yard...In Northbrook, IL?  Yep, they are most certainly in my front yard because the back yard does not get enough light.  We have covered that before, lest you forgot, but it is still funny.

So I pondered.  Me, a person who barley if at all remember my dad taking a sip of any alcohol let alone wine.  We grew up on screw top wines before they were in vogue.  Wines like Manaschewicz, and Mogen David.  Hardly fine wines by any stretch.  I also remember taking my first drink.  I was in college believe it or not.  I never liked the taste of beer, and never had any interest in wine.  Finally, after years of trying, beer made sense.  I liked scotch next, and then years later wine.  Wine was a drink I would have with food.  Being in grad school, it was not great wine, but I was interested.

I remembered being newly married and going out to Napa/SonomaValley on a work trip, and having my wife meet me out there.  I know it sounds romantically ridiculous, but the air smelled different.  Things slowed down, and not just because we were drunk.  The mountains, the farms, the WINE.  There was no where to be, and even if there was, we could not get there fast.  It was wonderful.

I remember some of the wineries we visited.  We were young, had no money, and are not planners, so we wandered and often wandered into large, well known wineries.  We stopped by St. Supery, Cake Bread, Kunde, Kenwood, Valley of the Moon, Rombauer,  Beringer, Coppola, Rodney Strong to name a few. These were large production wineries that made largely good product.  We also accidentally wandered into some smaller more intimate wineries.  These included Chateau Potelle (Still a favorite for many reasons) and Regusci.

At the time, Regusci was a laid back location making small production wines that can be measured in the hundreds of cases.  When you walked into their tasting room you were promptly greeted by two corgi dogs and a yellow lab.  The dogs were the fuzzy equivalent of the old men at Walmart who welcome you just to get away from their spouses for the afternoon.  Half awake, more often half asleep, excited to see you for a minute, but not enough to move.

The man behind the counter was from Wales, and had a spectacular accent.  He was pouring for us, and for a group of four to our right, bouncing back and forth, and making jokes in a rather irreverent way. That is until the man to our right said something about paying taxes so that illegals could pick their grapes, and send it back to their homeland...Less jovial, the man from Wales explained that these "illegals" do hard work, and that he should thank and praise them for doing work that wineries could not pay anyone else to do.  "And by the way" he said, "you don't pay any taxes here, you are from Utah."  

At this point one would have expected that the man would leave, but he kept going for a while.  At this point the tasting room guy says, "Isn't it funny, even great wine can taste like S%&T when you have to drink it with an A%& Hole like you.  GET OUT!"  

He then promptly came over to us and apologized profusely.  I told him that his stock went up in my book for that.  He offered us any bottle of wine in the place to share with him.  We chose a Cabernet, and he poured for all of us.  It was then that I fell in love with wine.  He told me, "You know, the opposite is true as well."  Pardon? I said.  He told me a very average bottle of wine shared with great people, or in a great moment can taste fantastic.  You will frequently remember it even more fondly than it deserves."  To this day, that remains true.  I have often had that experience remembering a great bottle, and then returning later to find that it was the moment and not the wine that made it great.

On that same trip we joined the Club at St. Supery as much because they got us drunk as anything else.  We walked the grounds looking at the sculpture gardens, and the art in the tasting room.  It took us an hour and a half to feel comfortable getting into a car.  We still have the goofy pictures to prove it.  We are still members of their reds only club, and happy to be.

Also on that same trip, we stayed at a B and B in downtown Napa.  Pouring at the happy hour was a guy named Tony with a fantastic group of wines, and an even better story.  Chateau Potelle was an estate winery off of a road called the Veeder Grade.  The winery was started by Jean Noel and his wife Margarite.  They were hired by France as Spies to look into the Napa wine-making situation in 1980, and according to them they sent a telegraph back home saying, "Looks Good, We Stay!"  They call their Reserve wines VGS (Very Good SH&T), and until recently had cougar prints on their Zin, Syrah and Chardonnay bottles to represent the need to off the deer on the mountain to protect their grapes.  They too had dogs (Opus was a puppy and recently purchased at an auction at the Opus winery).  The view of the valley from their location on the mountain was also beautiful.  We smartly brought a picnic to the winery and sat on a bench looking out at the beauty below.  Joined that wine club too and are gladly still members til this day.  We consider the team there to be friends, and their wines are more often than not what we turn to for celebration.

Napa has always felt like home.  I have never lived anywhere outside of Chicago, but when we go back, we feel at home.  Good wine, good food, great people, and good friends all make us want to be there even when we are not.

The next memorable wine trip was to Tuscany.  We had been drinking Chianti Clasico Riserva from Monsanto winery for 4 or five years.  The first time we tasted it, the bottle was purchased from gold standard liquors in Skokie, IL.  When I picked up the bottle to purchase it, largely because I thought it was funny that it was called Monsanto, I was immediately yelled at from across the store.  "YES, YES, YES!!!"  The store manager bounced over with so much excitement to tell me that in a blind taste test, that Chianti (1999) won over wines 3 times its price.  We bought a case for 12.99 a bottle.  Sad it is gone.  We had to go to the winery!

Unfortunately driving through Tuscany, while beautiful is not easy or straight forward.  We missed the turn and got to the winery hours later than we were supposed to.  We headed to another winery and hit Monsanto on the way back.  It was beautiful.  Again we were greeted by a dog, a great Pyrenees and a young woman who in broken English said may I help you?  We explained what had happened and apologized.   She told us it happens a lot, and said that while she could not give us a full tour, she would be happy to show us around.  An hour later, we had seen their tunnels, their library of wines stored in beautiful cave "lockers" behind ornate wrought iron gates.  It was a shrine to their family's life.  Wines bottled when kids were born, when people were married, and there was a story to go with every wine.  It was beautiful.  I only wish we had gotten the full tour.  It must have been amazing!  

That night we had dinner in Volpia overlooking the valley at a restaurant called La Bottega.  We ordered a bottle of Chianti Clasico Riserva.  It was amazing.  I understood the concept of a savory wine right away.  Beautiful sour cherries, earth, and almost a balsamic like flavor came through.  The wine had some VA, and was oxidized slightly, but the acid's ability to carry the rich pasta dishes, and how it made me want to take another bite and then another was something entirely new to me.  Being that it was pre 9-11 we brought home wine in our suitcases and it was all Volpaia.  It was great wine, so don't take this the wrong way, but Volpaia owes La Botega some bonus payments because the food and the view at the restaurant sells some wine.  It did for us anyway.

The next trip to highlight was to Spain, where the wines were amazing, and there was no need to spend a lot of money either.  Rioja was cheaper than water in much of the country.  While we did not get to go to a winery, we had a local bottle at all of the restaurants we visited, and were rarely if ever disappointed in what we were drinking.  Wine complimented the food, and the high acid wines matched the foods we ate perfectly.  

I have made many trips to places and paired foods with their wines.  Places like Greece, Israel, Germany, Prague, and many other places of travel.  But it was not until recently that all of this came together for me.  I traveled to Australia, which was really like coming full circle (Of the globe if nothing else).  While there I visited the Yarra Valley.  We drank a lot of good wine.  Jamsheed, Timo Meyer, Yarra Yering, and most notably Mac Forbes.  All were great, don't get me wrong, but what made Mac's Place so great was Mac and his wine maker Austin.  We walked in and Mac was chasing two young kids around the winery.  One was kicking a football and riding his bike seemingly at the same time, and the other required a nappy (diaper) change.  It was like a 3 ring circus.  

Mac Explained that because his wife was away on business, he would not be able to show us around, but that Austin was more than able.  Both of them were like kids in a candy shop excited every day by what they were doing.  You sensed that they felt lucky to be doing it.  And I felt lucky that they were able to do it and share their fantastic wines with us.  Austin took us into the basement of the winery, and shared wines from multiple barrels.  We tasted sweet and off dry Riesling, Pinot Noir, an experimental Nebbiolo, Cabernet Sauvignon.  Some were single vineyard offerings and others blends.  All were ripe and electric with a tense acidic finish.  These were daring, beautiful interesting wines.  Austin was like spider-man climbing the barrel racks for our next tasting.  Clearly OSHA does not apply in Australia.  We were there tasting for over two hours, and did not taste a single bad thing.  Also, the wine was YOUNG only having been in barrels for a couple months, so it was my first tasting of wines that young.  When we were done, we went upstairs to taste the wines from the bottles, they way they meant them to be tasted.  I was fascinated by the aging process, and what it did for these amazing wines.  Rounding edges, Smoothing sharpness, softening tannins were all words I had heard, but now I understood.

What was interesting, is that Mac owns nothing but his label.  He rents the building with all of the equipment, he buys grapes from farmers (He has a lot of say as to how they are grown), so at the end of the day, he is a guy with a big garage, making the wines that he likes to make from grapes grown near bye.  This business model repeats itself with Negociants in France, in the Santa Rita Hills, and in many places throughout the wine making world.  But Mac was the first time I had seen this model at work.

On the flight home I thought, I could do that.  Hmmm.  Can't I?  The answer really is no.  I can't.  Mac has spent a lot of time studying his craft, he has hired wine people who also know a lot about making wine.  However, I can do something like it.  I bought some vines (8 Vines).  I bought some grapes from neighboring vineyards (Lodi and Napa are close neighbors) and I have made wine.  The wine I have made from grapes is good.  Not great, but it is good.  I have learned a lot along the way, and Most importantly I have had fun.

So why am I doing this?  It goes back to Regusci.  Wine-making is an art, it is an organism, it is a social gatherer, it is enjoyment, and finally it is a memory in a bottle.  Making wine allows the winemaker to play with and create all of these things.  Ultimately, I am a person who loves the social aspect of food, and wine and the culture and memories that they together provide.  Perhaps the thought that good wine shared with great company makes the wine better.  But maybe the other is true too.  Good company with great wine makes the time spent together more interesting.  To enjoy wine tags the memory that you are creating.  It is that simple.  Many of the memories I shared in this post are 10-15 years old, and yet I remember many of the details vividly.  The more of your senses that you are able to involve in a memory, the more likely you are to recall the moment.  This is why wine is so important, and why I continue to dedicate hours of my life to the pursuit of its understanding.  I hope you are creating great and exciting memories, and that you are able to make wine, food a friends a big part of them.

Are You some Kind of A Wise Guy?

A Brief Tour of the Outer Coastal Plain AVA

When you think of New Jersey and wine, the picture at left is likely what you think of.  A group of people, sitting around a big table, sharing a bottle with a plate of Spaghetti with a Sugo that Nona slaved over all day long, or in one of the many Italian restaurants in the area.  There is however, more to the wine story in New Jersey than meets the eye.  THEY MAKE WINE IN NEW JERSEY!

While on the stereotype bandwagon, I thought I would stay there and tell you that when I say they make wine in New Jersey, I don't mean in Nona's Basement.  I mean there are wine growers, makers, and a whole wine drinking, tasting thing going on.  Granted, some of it is sweet fruit wine, or wine made from native or hybrid grapes and many are less than great I am sure.  However, there are also dry reds and whites from Vitis Vinifera Grapes (European Wine Grapes; Cabernet and the like).

I was only there for a brief time, and I only got to sample 3 wineries, but what I tasted was an impressive sample that has made me interested in going back and tasting more.  What made me think to taste wine in New Jersey?  This is a shout out to Wine Folly.  If you have not been to their blog you should.  They are one of my favorite sites out there, and I think Madeline Puckette is very good at making the scary wine thing very approachable.

Anyway, she did a blind tasting with 3 Somms and they tasted wines from Bordeaux and a wine from NEW JERSEY and tasted them blind to see if anyone could pick out the wine from Joisy... NOPE.  Also, all of them said the wine was good, and went further to say that it would be good if you had to pay 30 dollars or more.  Madeline even exclaimed because she liked the wine so much blind.  It was a Holy... Oh my, that is sooooooo complex type of proclamation.  And so, I had to taste this wine.

When I got to New Jersey, my first wine destination was Amalthea Cellars in Atco, NJ.  This was the winery that made the wine from Wine Folly, so I thought it only fair to start there.  Upon arriving at the winery, I was greeted promptly and courteously by Megan, a lovely young woman who was quite knowledgeable about the wines, and the area having grown up there her whole life.  She told me that she, "Is a Jersey Girl who loves the area and loves Jersey Wines."  Still Skeptical, I nodded and smiled.  She told me that they have both dry and sweet wines, but are known for their dry reds.  Indecently, other wineries in the area raved about their dry reds as well.  One person described Amalthea as, "Having the dry red wines DOWN!"  I would agree.
I opted for a tasting of the dry whites and reds.  Prior to tasting, I learned that the winery has been in South Jersey for 39 years.  The winery is owned and operated by a guy named Lou Caracciolo who started as a food scientist, and put his passion and know how into making wine.  He is very decorated in the area, but he also won a major wine competition in which his wines beat out wines from France and Napa.  All of the wines were tasted blind, and 100 experts chose his wine as the best in show.  Author George Taber dubbed this the "Judgement of New Jersey."

This had me thinking, maybe there are some good wines made in Jersey...  I then also learned that some of the grapes are grown locally, and sometimes they buy grapes from other growing regions.  Ah HA!!!!  That is it.  What I learned is that the grapes are Estate grown unless there is a green dragon on the label, and that in fact, most of what I was going to taste was from Estate grapes.  Also, the awards were mostly from estate wines.  Hmmpf.  Back to good wines in NJ.  Lets taste already!  Geesh, this is painful.  It really was not there, but to tell a good story, you have to have a build up.

First I tasted a proprietary rose' called Leda (A Tavel style from Cab Franc), and then a Traminette, a Pinot Grigio and a Chadonnay Sur Lie.  The Leda was amazingly complex and yet simple at the same time.  It had your typical strawberry nose with some peppery spice and a bit of floral aroma.  What was interesting on the palate was that it left me with some profound licorice spice.  A good start to be sure.  Next was a Traminette (First taste of this grape ever) which was amazingly floral and had a white tea spicy thing going on.  I think there may have been some botrytis that year as there was also a ginger finish.  Next was the Pinot Grigio which I would say was a bit of a patio wine.  Lemon zest, with a nice acidic tension.  It had a slight nuttiness to it as well and tasted as though it may have spent some time on lees.  Finally, the Chardonay which was a fairly classic Burgundy style Chardonay with Grapefruit, toast and a bit of a hopped herbaceousness.

So far so good.  Nothing bad, and since he is known for his reds, I am interested to get started there.  Perhaps my least favorite thing that I tasted was a Green Dragon Tavern Pinot Noir.  These grapes were from the Sonoma Coast.  It was not bad.  Light and smokey with floral notes and berries.  Just not that barrel funky, forest floor mushroom cold weather Pinot I was hoping for.  Next was a Clone 2 Cabernet Sauvignon.  This is a small berried variety of Cab, and shows accordingly.  Blackberry and Casis with a vegital note.  I was surprised by how ripe and interesting it tasted.  A similar cab quality from Napa would carry a much heftier price tag than the 22 dollars they were asking.  Next I tried a couple of Cabernet Franc options.  This was the money wine if you ask me.  Apparently the soils in the area are sandy, and I know two things about sandy soils.  First, they make good Cabernet Sauv and Franc, and second, that they tend to make wines with with a softer side (Italians say, "Hard soil gives you hard wine, and soft soils give you soft wine")  The first was a 2011 Cab franc which showed a lot of red fruit.  I got strawberry and some black cherries along with a lovely pepper finish.  Tannins were medium plus but very soft and rounded.  A great food pairing wine that would go with a lot due to its nice acid.

I also tried the 2010 Cab Franc, which I later found was one of the best vintages in the area ever.  Some say there will never be another 2010... It was that good.  This was a wine worth cellaring.  It was a red fruit heavy with cherries, plum and strawberries and of course a great white pepper finish.  The Tannins were big but balanced and the finish was amazing and very long.  All of this for 28 bucks.  I would say a great value.  I should say that I am a big fan of Cab Franc and I would also say that Cab Franc is what this area does best.

Finally, I tried the wine that Madeline had on Wine Folly.  The 2012 Europa which is an homage to Chateau Latour of Bordeaux fame. (2000 dollars a bottle for Latour).  This is a cab sauv, Franc and Merlot blend in the style of the left bank.  It had black cherries, currant, some tobacco, and a cedar smokey finish.  This was a great balanced wine, and if I tasted it blind I would have guessed old world for sure.  I agree that this is a wine that was not just good for New Jersey, it was really good wine by any standard.  at under 30 dollars, good luck finding anything measurably better.

I did try one of their sweet wines, and that was a wine called solara, which is kept in a ...Solara which is normally used to make Sherry.  In this case, they started with red wine, and made a very funky smelling dessert wine that was half port, and half sherry.  It was very complex, and I loved it.  I would suspect others would not. It had baking spice and funk, with orange peal and finishes with an unmistakable chocolate.  High acid means it is not too sweet. 

My only criticism is that some of the wines had a bit too much oak for my taste, but that is being very picky.  I am super happy that I went there, and I will be ordering wine from Amalthea soon.

The final point I will make is one that Lou makes often and that is if you flip NJ over, the shape looks a lot like Bordeaux.  The soils are similar as well.  It is no surprise that the wines that do well are the same ones that do well in Bordeaux.

My next stop was Herritatge.  They made some good wines and some that I did not love.  I would say in general, they suffered from a profound over oaking.  They made a lot of different wines, and they were among the busiest and well known wineries in the area.

What I will say is the setting is beautiful, the people were lovely and accommodating, and the wines were well made.  I would only say that the oak was a bit heavy handed on most of it.  Their best wine was the Cabernet Franc again, and I loved it.  It had less fruit than many with the usual red and black and the pepper finish, but it also had baking spices and a nice herbal tone.  Their Chardonnay, their BDX (Bordeaux Blend) and their Syrah were all good but not anything I would go running back to.  Better than one would expect from NJ however, and I am likely not going to be seen turning down any one of those wines either.

I am not the norm on my feelings as Heritage has probably received more awards than most of the other wineries in the area.  They are also a marketing powerhouse, and do a great job getting the word out about their wines.  They won NJ winery of the year in 2014 and once in 2010 before that.  Again, the wines are good, but they are also more suited to the middle and not the most interesting I had while in the area.

Finally, I stopped at Bellview Winery, another family owned and operated winery in Landisville, NJ.  All of the wines at Bellview are estate wines.  They do make sweet wines to, "pay the bills" but make no mistake, this is a serious wine making group that makes some great dry reds and whites from some of the usual Vinifera grapes but also from some local an hybrid varieties as well.  The Quarella family still owns and operates the winery and they started from farming roots.  They have owned the land for 4 generations, and are passionate about allowing the land to produce the best grapes, and then doing as little as they have to in order to make good wine in the winery.  They recognize that in cold climate areas there are good years and bad years, but they only release varietal wines in years in which they are happy with the product.  Otherwise they blend.

I tasted several of their offerings including a nice crisp pinot Grigio which had a lively acidity and flavors of green apple and a lemon acidic finish.  Nothing spectacular here, but a great food pairing wine.  In fact, what I would say about all of their wines is that they would pair beautifully with food.  Sofia gave me the tour, and as a former cook, she said that is precisely what she likes about their wines.  Next I tried the Viognier 2013, which is my favorite white grape, and it was very true to the variatal with stone fruits (White peach and Apricot) as well as grapefruit on the acidic finish.  It is a soft lovely lux wine that I enjoyed very much.  I also tried the Chardonay which was lightly oaked and had the buttery finish but not the oaky butter bomb version, it was far more subtle and balanced beautifully with the acid from the green apple.  It also finished with a bit of marzipan.

On to the reds.  The first sample was Chambourcin 2012 which was a bit like a chocolate covered strawberry with a bitter finish.  This was not bad, but not my favorite wine.  I have nothing to compare to as I have never tried Chamourcin before.  Next I tried the Syrah which had a lot of bold and spicy flavors.  None of the Rhone Meaty stuff.  Red and black fruit with black pepper and tobacco.  A nicely balanced wine with Medium tannins.

Perhaps the best surprise was the Blaufrankisch 2013 which I loved.  This wine was complex with cherry, toffee, tea and spice.  The finish was long and the acid was high for a red wine, but not overly so.  I really wanted food with this wine too.  Next the Centennio which is a blend and had a ton of black tea, cherry, and orange.  It was a nice middle weight wine with good finish.  Finally I tried the Petit Verdot 2013.  This was the biggest wine by far.  It had great black color and black fruit.  Berries and casis, cedar, vanilla, and big tannins.

Next I tried the Cab Franc from the tanks because it was not yet bottled.  This was the best Cab Franc for tasting the Terroir.  Soft with ample tannins and a great acid backbone.  there was a floral, red fruit and spice thing but the wood took a backdrop role on this wine and did not step forward like so many of the others.

I am by no means an expert on the Outer Coastal Plain AVA but these three wineries offered a good start.  Next time you think about wine in New Jersey, maybe you will get beyond the Sopranos stereotype.  I know I will.